This subtopic includes the scope of learning engineering related to applying insights from motivational psychology to foster intrinsic motivation, persistence, and engagement. This includes personalization of the learning experience to match learner motivators, interests and goals. This aspect of learning engineering recognizes that learning takes effort on the part of the learner, and effective learning often requires a desirable level of difficulty and persistence over time[2].
Bjork, E. L., & Bjork, R. A. (2011). Making things hard on yourself, but in a good way: Creating desirables difficulties to enhance learning. In M. A. Gernsbacher, R. W. Pew, L. M. Hough, & J. R. Pomerantz (Eds.), Psychology and the real world: Essays illustrating fundamental contributions to society (pp. 56–64). Worth Publishers.