This subtopic covers engineering principles involving abstraction and encapsulation.
Abstraction: Engineers use abstraction to manage complexity by focusing on essential aspects of a problem while omitting unnecessary details. In learning engineering, abstraction is applied to simplify complex educational systems into manageable components for targeted intervention.
Encapsulation: Encapsulation involves bundling related elements together into distinct modules or units. Learning engineers apply encapsulation to design learning modules that can be adapted or re-used in different contexts, maintaining functionality while hiding internal complexities.